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| c. 250 BC |
| | The first alchemists, working in Alexandria, are also the world's first experimental chemists | |
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| 48 BC |
| | Julius Caesar, now fifty-two, meets the 21-year-old Cleopatra in Alexandria and they become lovers | |
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| 30 BC |
| | Octavian arrives in Egypt with an army, and holds Cleopatra a prisoner in her palace in Alexandria | |
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| 30 BC |
| | Cleopatra commits suicide, applying a poisonous asp to her breast, | |
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| 69 |
| | Vespasian, proclaimed emperor by his troops in Alexandria, is the survivor among this year's four emperors | |
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| c. 75 |
| | Hero, a Greek scientist in Alexandria, devises various forms of steam engine | |
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| c. 75 |
| | The dioptra, developed by Hero of Alexandria for surveying land, is an early form of theodolite | |
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| c. 150 |
| | Ptolemy writes in Alexandria an encyclopedic account of Greek scientific theory in cosmology, astronomy and geography | |
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| c. 244 |
| | Plotinus, moving from Alexandria to Rome, teaches the influential philosophy later known as Neo-Platonism | |
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| 367 |
| | A document is distributed by the bishop of Alexandria, formally establishing the contents of the New Testament | |
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